不同秸秆还田量对旱地全膜双垄沟播土壤水分及玉米生长的影响

Effect of different straw treatments on soil water and growth of maize with film mulched double-furrow sowing in dry land

在通渭半干旱区通过试验研究了不同秸秆还田量对全膜双垄沟播玉米生长形状、土壤水分状况及产量的影响。试验设计了3个还田量梯度，即玉米秸秆按6000 kg·hm^-2（低量还田处理）、9000 kg·hm^-2（中量还田处理）、12000 kg·hm^-2（高量还田处理）整秆还田，不还田处理作为对照。结果表明，在生育前期时，0～200 cm土壤水分呈现出还田量越高土壤含水量越高的趋势，在出苗期最为明显，高、中、低还田量处理较对照土壤含水量分别高出6．07％、1．24％、0．31％，而在抽雄期后，则表现为低量还田处理＞中量还田处理＞不还田处理＞高量还田处理，叶面积大小表现为高量还田处理＞中量还田处理＞低量还田处理＞不还田处理。耗水量表现为低量还田处理＜中量还田处理＜不还田处理＜高量还田处理。产量及水分利用效率以6000 kg·hm^-2还田量处理最高，适宜在半干旱旱作区进行推广。

The study aims to investigate the effect of different straw treatments on soil water ,yield and growth of maize with film mulched double-furrow sowing in dry land .For treatments were as follows：the amounts of maize straw of 6 000 kg·hm^-2（low level returning） ,9 000 kg·hm^-2 （medium level returning） ,12 000 kg·hm^-2 （high level return-ing ） ,and the control treatment with no straw returning .The results showed that the soil water increased with amount of straw at early growing stage ,especially during emergence stage ,increased by 6 .07% ,1 .24% and 0 .31% for high , middle and low treatments ,respectively .During tasseling stage ,the increasing effect was in the order of low-level〉mid-level〉no straw〉high-level ,the order of leaf area was high-level〉mid-level returning〉low-level〉no straw treatment , and the order of water consumption was high-level〉no straw〉mid-level〉low-level treatment .The yield and water use efficiency of 6 000 kg·hm^-2 treatment （low-level returning ） was highest ,indicating that is suitable for extension in semi arid regions .