高产高效栽培下春玉米生育后期冠层结构及其光合特性的研究

Canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of spring maize during late growth stage under the high yielding and high efficiency cultivation

以郑单958为供试品种,设高产高效栽培(GCGX)和农户传统栽培(CK)2个处理,于2012年和2013年连续2 a进行田间试验,测定春玉米生育后期冠层结构及其光合特性的变化规律。结果表明:吐丝期和乳熟期株高、穗位高产高效栽培略高于农户传统栽培。与农户传统栽培相比,高产高效栽培春玉米叶面积指数较大,在生育期上表现为吐丝之后更为明显,在叶位上表现为棒三叶以下叶片最为突出;不同叶位的叶倾角高产高效栽培显著小于农户传统栽培,而叶向值均显著大于农户传统栽培,在棒三叶表现最为明显;高产高效栽培生育后期净光合速率显著高于农户传统栽培,冠层光合能力极显著高于农户传统栽培。高产高效栽培下春玉米产量为14.009 t·hm-2(2012)和13.255 t·hm-2(2013),均极显著高于农户传统栽培。

The variation of canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of spring maize during late growth stage was determined ,and the maize cultivar Zhengdan 958 was used with treatments of high yielding and high efficiency cultivation and farmer conventional method in the 2012 and 2013 .The results showed that the plant height and ear posi-tion of high yielding and high efficiency cultivation were slightly higher than that of the conventional method in silking stage and milk stage .Compared with conventional cultivation ,leaf index of spring maize under high yielding and high ef-ficiency cultivation was larger ,especially after silking stage .Leaf angle of different positions of high yielding and high ef-ficiency cultivation were lower than that of conventional method ,while that of net photosynthetic characteristics showed the opposite trend .Yields of spring maize of high yielding and high efficiency cultivation in 2012 and 2013 were 14 .009 t·hm^-2 and 13 .255 t·hm^-2 ,respectively ,being higher than that of conventional method .