不同深松时期对旱地春玉米水分利用状况及产量的影响

Effect of subsoiling timing on water utilization and grain yield of spring corn

于2010—2012年在晋东南旱平地设置了春季深松、夏季深松和秋季深松3种深松处理试验,以传统翻耕为对照,研究不同处理对春玉米耗水量、干物质积累与分配、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,秋季深松处理的总耗水量最高,春季深松处理次之,且两者与传统翻耕(对照)差异均显著,表明春季和秋季深松后春玉米的总耗水量增加。夏季深松总耗水量低于对照处理,这是因为夏季深松后,对玉米根系造成一定程度的伤害。在春玉米生育后期,秋季深松和春季深松能有效促进干物质积累,增加春玉米生物干重,提高作物产量。2011年秋季深松处理的产量和水分利用效率最高,且显著高于其它处理,分别比传统深翻(对照)提高13.61%和10.26%,春季深松处理次之,分别比对照提高10.32%和7.62%,夏季深松处理低于传统深翻(对照),且分别比对照降低3.95%和1.82%,表明秋季深松和春季深松有利于产量的提高和水分的高效利用。

This experiment was conducted on drought plain in southeastern Shanxi during spring corn growing sea-sons in 2010-2012 .Water consumption ,dry matter accumulation and partitioning ,grain yield ,and water use efficiency of spring corn were analyzed using four subsoiling periods ,including subsoiling in spring（RS1） ,subsoiling in summer （RS2 ） ,subsoiling in autumn （RS3 ） ,and plowing tillage （CK ） .The results showed that RS3 had the highest total water consumption ,followed by RS1 ,indicating that total water consumption was markedly increased by spring and autumn subsoiling .By contrast ,that of RS2 was lower than CK ,partially due to the injured root by summer subsoiling .In the late growth stage of spring corn ,RS3 and RS1 can effectively promote the dry matter accumulation ,increasing the spring corn biomass and improving crop yield .In 2011 ,RS3 obtained the highest grain yield and water use efficiency ,being 13 .61% and 10 .26% higher than CK ,respectively .And RS1 caused 10 .32% and 7 .62% increase respectively .In contrast ,RS2 resulted in a reduction of 3 .95% and 1 .82% as compared to CK ,respectively .This finding illustrated that RS3 and RS1 had favorable effects of improving grain yield and water use efficiency .