可控性人工肛门装置的研究进展

Advances in controllable artificial anus device

人工肛门是结直肠外科治疗低位直肠癌的重要术式，然而其导致的粪便失节制严重影响患者生活。为了解决这个问题，国内外研究了一系列新型可控性人工肛门装置，按使用方式可分为夹闭式和封堵式，一定程度上实现了粪便的可控性。夹闭式人工肛门为植入性装置，使用较为自动化，但装置庞大复杂，患者发生感染、炎性反应和消化道不适等并发症的概率较大。相比之下，封堵式人工肛门自动化程度低，患者需每日清洗或更换装置，使用较为不便，但其舒适度、隐蔽性和安全性更好。相信随着技术的发展及研究的深入，一定能够实现人工肛门装置的更加智能化、自动化和微型化。

Artificial anus is the important surgical treatment for low colorectal cancer. However, fecal incontinence caused by artificial anus has significant influence on quality of life of patients. A series of novel therapy devices have been invented to solve the problem. According to the different applying methods, these devices can be divided into artificial sphincter and occluder. Artificial sphincter is implanted surgically and more automatic but its complicated design increased risk of complications such as infection and gastrointestinal symptoms. By comparison, occluder is less automatic and needs daily cleaning or replacement, but more comfortable, concealed and safer. For most of occluder are disposable or replaced frequently, advanced devices will greatly increase the economic burden on patients. With the progress of science and technology, artificial anal devices will become more intelligent, automatic and miniaturization.