枸橼酸抗凝在持续缓慢低效血液透析中的应用

Evaluation of the application of regional citrate anticoagulation in sustained low efficiency hemodialysis

目的 通过对比持续缓慢低效血液透析（SLED）中局部枸橼酸抗凝与肝素抗凝的效果,为临床选择更优化的抗凝方式提供依据.方法 行SLED的63例急性肾损伤或终末期肾病患者,随机分为局部枸橼酸抗凝组和普通肝素抗凝组,均采用颈/股静脉留置双腔导管,费森尤斯公司生产的4008sARrTplus透析机和Polyflux 14L透析器,治疗时间8h,血流量150 ml/min.治疗前后测2组患者凝血酶原时间（PT）、APTT、PLT.结果 63例患者共行SLED治疗118例次,其中局部枸橼酸抗凝组行SLED枸橼酸抗凝56例次,普通肝素抗凝组行SLED肝素抗凝62例次.4例患者在住院期间因多器官功能衰竭死亡,余59例（93.7％）经SLED治疗后均好转出院或转为门诊规律血液透析.SLED 2 h时普通肝素抗凝组PT[（15.5 ±2.0）s]、APTT[（56.0±10.9）s]高于局部枸橼酸抗凝组[（12.3±2.7）s;（32.8±6.1）s],差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.001）.SLED 5 h时PT[（12.2 ±2.9）s比（12.2±2.5）s]、APTT[（33.7 ±6.6）s比（32.5±6.6）s]两组比较差异无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）.SLED治疗前后2组PLT差异无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）.结论 局部枸橼酸抗凝与普通肝素的抗凝效果相当,出血风险相对小,为临床医生提供了更多的SLED抗凝选择.

Objective To compare the anticoagulation effect of regional citrate and heparin in patients with sustained low-efficiency hemodialysis （SLED）.Method This study was conducted in the teaching hospital of Sichuan University between November 2011 and January 2013.Sixty-three patients suffering from acute kidney injury or end-stage renal diseases （ESRD） were enrolled and further randomized to 2 groups：citrate and heparin anticoagulation treatment groups in SLED.SLED was conducted by Fresenius 4008sARrTplus dialyzer for 8 hours each session,and blood flow was set at 150 ml/min.Prothrombin time （PT）,activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT） and platelet （PLT） count were analyzed.Result Sixty-three patients underwent 118 sessions of SLED.Among them,59 patients （93.7％） was discharged after treatment or converted to outpatient intermittent hemodialysis,and 4 patients died of multiple organ failure during hospitalization.Compared with that in the citrate group,both PT and APTT in heparin group was significantly higher [PT：（15.5 ± 2.0） s vs （12.3 ± 2.7） s,P ＜ 0.001 ; APTF：（56.0 ± 10.9） s vs （32.8 ± 6.1） s,P ＜ 0.001 ; respectively] at 2 h during SLED.However,the PT and APTT levels in heparin group decreased afterwards and were similar with those in the citrate groups at 5 h during treatment.There is no difference on PLT counts between these two groups after treatment.Conclusion The anticoagulation effect of regional citrate and heparin was similar in patients when receiving SLED.Regional citrate may be an alternative anticoagulant approach for the patients at high risk of bleeding who require the treatment of SLED.