3CRAWFORD ED, EISENBERGER MA, MCLEOD DG, et al. A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma[J]. N Engl J Med, 1989, 321 (7) :419-424.
4GAYA JM, AHALLAL Y, SANCHEZ-SALAS R, et al. Cur- rent, new and novel therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer[J]. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 2013, 13(7) :819-827.
5HEIDENREICH A, BASTIAN PJ, BELLMUNT J, et al. EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II: Treatment of advanced, relapsing, and castration-resistant prostate cancer [J].Eur Urol, 2014, 65(2):467-479.
7MONTGOMERY RB, MOSTAGHEL EA, VESSELLA R, et al, Maintenance of intratumoral androgens in metastatic prostate cancer: a mechanism for castration-resistant tumor growth[J]. Cancer Res, 2008, 68(11) :4447-4454.
8SUZMAN DL, ANTONARAKIS ES. Castration-resistant pros- tate cancer, latest evidence and therapeutic implications[J]. T- her Adv Med Oncol, 2014, 6(4) :167-179.
9SUZUKI H, UEDA T, ICHIKAWA T, et al. Androgen recep- tor involvement in the progression of prostate cancer[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2003, 10(2) : 209-216.
10LAM JS, LEPPERT JT, VEMULAPALLI SN, et al. Seconda- ry hormonal therapy for advanced prostate cancer[J]. J Urol, 2006, 175(1) :27-34.
4Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostatic cancer. I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen ingeetion on serum phosphatases in metastalic carcinoma of the prostate[J]. Cancer Res, 1941 ; 1:293-7.
5Oefelein MG, Feng A, Scolieri MJ,et al. Reassessment of the definition of castrte levels of testosterone: implications for clinical decision making[J].Urology,2000 ;56 ( 11 ) : 1021-4.
6Yri OE, Bjoro T, Fossa SD. Failure to achieve castration levels in patients using leuprolide acetate in locally advanced prostate cancer [J]. Eur Urol,2006 ;49 ( 1 ) :54-8.
7Doehn C, Sommerauer M, Jocham D. Drug evaluation : Degarelix-a potential new therapy for prostate cancer[J]. Drugs ,2006 ;9 (8) :565-72.
9OH WK, Kantoff PW. Management of homrone refractory prostate cancer current standards and future prospects [J].J Urol, 1998 ; 16 ( 4 ) : 1220 -9.
10Labile F, Belanger A, Dupont A, et al. Science behind total androgen blockade from gene to combination therapy[J]. Clin Invest Meet, 1993; 16(7) :475-92.
3Heidenreich A, Bastian PJ, Bellmunt J, et al . EAU guidelines on prostate cancer, Part I1 : Treatment of advanced, relapsing and castration-resistant prostate cancer [ J ]. Eur Urol, 2014, 65 : 467-479.
4Montgomery RB, Mostaghel EA, Vessella R, et al. Maintenance of intratumoral androgens in metastatic prostate cancer : a mecha- nism for castration-resistant tumor growth [ J ]. Cancer Res, 2008, 68:4447-4454.
5Suzman DL,Antonarakis ES. Castration resistant prostate cancer :latest evidence and therapeutic implications [ J ]. Ther Adv Med Oneol, 2014, 6:167-179.
6Nakabayashi M, Wemer L, Oh WK, et al. Secondary hormonal therapy in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer [ J ]. Clin Genitourin Cancer, 2011,9:95-103.
7Attard G, Reid A, Auchus R, et al . Clinical and bio-chemical consequences of CYP17A1 ingibition with abi-raterone given with and without exogenous glucocorticoids in castrate men with advanced prostate cancer [ J ]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2012, 97:507-516.
8Mottet N,Bellmunt J,Bolla M,et al.EAU guidelines on prostate cancer.PartⅡ:treatment of advanced,relapsing,and castration-resistant prostate cancer[J].Actas Urol Esp,2011,35:565-579.
9Suzman DL,Antonarakis ES.Castration-resistant prostate cancer:latest evidence and therapeutic implications[J].Ther Adv Med Oncol,2014,6:167-179.