略论宋人笔记创作动因

On the Motivation for Notes Writing in the Song Dynasty

宋人创作笔记的动因主要是娱乐、补史、戒世、书愤、志博学、广见闻以及备忘等,这与宋人的时代精神、文化背景密切相关。"广记资讲话"是宋初承唐而来的笔记创作动因之一,但宋人笔记的娱乐性从唐代笔记更多用以娱人而转向自娱。在宋人眼中,补史功能高于助闲谈的娱乐功能,这源于他们注重理性、经世致用的思维方式。宋人希望笔记创作能够有用于世,起到劝诫作用,同时读者也将是否能够有益教化作为品评标准之一。宋人借笔记以书愤,内容可分为一己之愤与家国之恨。宋人以博学相尚的价值观念促使其创作笔记以志博学、广见闻。宋人笔记皆非一时一地所作,随手记录时自然有备忘之用,且最后编辑成书也有备忘的目的。

In the Song Dynasty,people wrote notes mainly for entertainment,replenishing historical data,giving admonitions,expressing resentment,showing erudition,broadening knowledge,and memorandum,which was closely related with the cultural background and zeitgeist of the Song Dynasty. ＂Extensive records for topics of conversation＂was one motivation for notes writing in the early Song Dynasty that originated from late Tang,but note writing in the Song Dynasty was more self-entertaining compared with its function of entertaining others in the Tang Dynasty. In the view of people in the Song Dynasty,the function of notes in replenishing historical data was more important than that of supplying gossips for entertainment,which was rooted in their rational and pragmatic mode of thinking. As is expected in the Song Dynasty,note writing could be useful for the world and serve as some admonition,and meanwhile one of the criteria for its evaluation lies in its being beneficial for enlightenment. The expression of resentment via note writing in the Song Dynasty involves contents of two types—personal resentment and the hatred of the family and the country. In the Song Dynasty,people wrote notes to display their erudition and to broaden their knowledge under the impetus of the notion of venerating erudition. Moreover,note writing in the Song Dynasty was conducted for memorandum instead for use at one time and one place,hence the compilation of miscellaneous notes in the book form.