明代江南“富民”与社会经济关系研究

Studies on the Relationship between the “Rich” Social Stratum in Regions South of the Yangtze River and Its Social Economy in the Ming Dynasty

隋唐以降的政治风雨和经济变革使国有土地所有制向私有制转化的进程进一步加快。旧有土地制度的日趋瓦解,使传统生产关系也发生了深刻的变化。在明代的江南地区,"富民"阶层的出现是这一变化最为显著的标志之一。与此相伴的是佃农人身依附关系的弱化和地租形态的多样化。在此基础上,国家赋役与地方农业生产设施的修建也使"富民"成为主要的承担者之一。"富民"开始成为社会经济关系中的主要角色。作为一支新兴的社会力量,"富民"阶层发展壮大对我国传统社会的变迁具有深远的意义。

The transformation from the state ownership of land to the private ownership of land accelerated with political vicissitudes and economic reforms of Sui and Tang dynasties. The traditional production relations underwent drastic changes due to the disintegration of the old land system,as is manifest in the rise of the ＂rich＂social stratum in regions south of the Yangtze River as well as the simultaneous weakening of the relation of personal attachment of tenant farmers and the diversity of land rent forms. On this basis,the national tax and corvee as well as the construction of local agricultural production facilities also made the ＂rich ＂stratum become one of the main bearers in this aspect. Therefore,the ＂rich＂social stratum began to play a leading role in social economic relations. As a rising social power,the development and growth of the ＂rich＂stratum is of far-reaching significance to the development of traditional Chinese society.