宪政视野下的大清新刑律——杨度《论国家主义与家族主义之区别》解读

The New Criminal Code of Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Constitutionalism——An Interpretation of Yang Du's Nationalism and Familism

杨度从宪政的高度看待大清新刑律,使得晚清刑法典论争从法理与礼教的问题之争转向国家与家族的主义之争。在时代的语境中,"个人"通过"国民"这一概念而被国家所吸纳,国家主义乃是看不见独立人格的国民主义。杨度以进化论的观点,将家族视为国家之敌,但对破坏家族是否就能培养出合格的新国民,缺乏充分的论证。他的主义之争加剧了新旧两派的裂痕,使得共识难以达成。

Viewing the New Criminal Code of Qing Dynasty from the perspective of constitutionalism, Yang Du had shifted the controversy between jurisprudence and Confucian code of ethics into the doctrine argument between state and the family. In the era of context, individual has been adopted by the state via the conception of citizen, while nationalism is the national socialist without independent personality. In the view of Darwinism, Yang Du has seen the family as the enemy of the state, but he needed sufficient argument to demonstrate whether it would cultivate new citizen by destroying the family. His doctrine had a crack, contributed to the old and new two parties of the con- sensus difficult to achieve.