大连西中岛潮间带大型底栖经济海藻群落的季节变化

Ecological study on economical benthic macro-algae in Xizhong Island of Dalian

为研究大连西中岛潮间带大型底栖经济海藻的生态学特征,共布设了4个采样断面,于2011年7月、2012年4月、2012年10月和2013年1月进行了采样调查,研究了大型底栖经济海藻的群落结构、季节变化和多样性.共鉴定出大型底栖经济海藻44种,隶属于4门21属,其中绿藻门12种,褐藻门9种,蓝藻门1种,红藻门22种.经济藻类种类和数量的季节性变化研究表明,藻类种类数呈现春季>夏季>冬季>秋季的特点,各季节红藻门种类数最多,其次为褐藻门和绿藻门,蓝藻门最少.优势度分析表明,角叉菜为主要优势物种,随着季节变化,优势种组成有所不同.各采样断面生物量的分布特征体现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季.群落的水平结构特征表现为各断面的经济海藻种类在不同季节具有一定差异性;垂直结构特征表现为低潮带分布的经济藻类种类最多,以红藻为主;其次为中潮带,以褐藻为主;高潮带分布的藻类最少,以绿藻为主.多样性分析结果表明,春、夏季物种多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数均高于秋、冬季,且各采样断面的物种多样性呈现出一定差异.

In order to study the ecological characteristics of economical benthic macro‐algae in Xizhong Island of Dalian ,field samplings were carried out including four sections in July 2010 ,April and Oct . 2011 ,Jan .2012 .A total of 44 species in four seasons were identified ,12 species belong to Chloro‐phyta ,9 species belong to Phaeophyta ,1 species belongs to Cyanophyta ,22 species belong to Rho‐dophyta .The number of species among the four seasons could be described as spring 〉 summer〉winter〉autumn .Moreover ,species of Rhodophyta was the most in number ,and followed by Phaeo‐phyta and Chlorophyta .Chondrus oceellatus was the dominant species in the research area .The in‐gredient of dominant species varied with seasons .The biomass in the four seasons followed as sum‐mer〉spring〉autumn〉winter .The result indicated that there were differences of species according to different sampling sections and seasons .The number of species in low‐tide zone was the most .As the result ,the species diversity analysis varied with seasons and sampling sections ,the diversity in‐dex ,evenness index and species richness index in spring and summer were superior to those in au‐tumn and winter .