油气钻井组合式破岩技术研究

Integrated Rock-Breaking Methods in Well Drilling

为了提高钻井效率,对油气钻井组合式破岩技术进行了深入研究,摩擦热-机械破岩、微波-机械破岩、激光-气体机械破岩等新型组合破岩技术较常规机械破岩方法能明显提高破岩效率,但也有各种技术瓶颈需要突破,距工业化应用还存在一定距离,机械破岩仍是高效破岩的主体。在研究岩石热物理特性、空气钻井装备工具、高温材料等的基础上,提出燃烧热能-机械能综合破岩方法是最有发展前景的新型破岩方法。采用燃烧热能-机械能综合破岩,双壁钻杆及双通道水龙头提供燃料通道,耐热材料用于研制高温钻头,高温造壁器将破岩形成的井眼井壁玻璃化,可实现深井和超深井钻井,并保护储层。

This paper introduces integrated rock-breaking methods, such as frictional heat-mechanical, microwave-mechanical, and laser-gas rock-breaking, which are more efficient compared to conventional rock breaking methods. Due to technical bottlenecks of each method, they are not ready for industrial applica- tion,so mechanical rock-breaking is still the principle method at present. Based on the research on the pres- ent development of thermal properties of rock, air drilling equipment and heat-resistant materials, the au- thor considered thermal-mechanical rock-breaking method would be the most promising approach. In this method, fuel could be provided through dual-wall drill pipe and swivel, and high-temperature bit could be produced from heat-resistant material. High temperature can vitrify the borehole wall in deep and super deep well drilling, and protect reservoirs.