不同平菇菌糠施用量对辣椒长势及生理指标的影响

Effects of spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus on growth vigor and physiological index in pepper

以线辣椒‘8819’为试验材料,以菌糠为有机肥,采用5个不同施用量梯度,研究其对辣椒株高、茎粗、土壤微生物数量、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、叶绿素和丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果表明：除对照外,施用菌糠的各处理均能促进辣椒的长势,以菌糠施用量为800 kg·667 m^-2时对茎粗的生长促进作用最为显著;不同菌糠施用量对不同生长阶段辣椒叶绿素含量的影响不同,与对照相比,施用菌糠的各处理均能显著提高叶绿素的含量,综合整个生长阶段,菌糠施用量为800 kg·667m^-2时比其他处理提高幅度为1.0%-29.2%;施用菌糠的各处理均能增加土壤中细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量,提高土壤的肥力,进而促进辣椒的生长;不同菌糠施用量对保护酶系的影响表明,施用菌糠的各处理均能不同程度降低POD和CAT活性,但下降程度与菌糠的施用量不呈线性关系;除处理A外,其他处理均能显著降低MDA含量;本试验证明,适宜的菌糠施用量（400~1 600 kg·667 m^-2）可以提高辣椒的光合作用并提高辣椒的抗逆能力。综合各检测指标,建议在生产上选用的菌糠施用量为800 kg·667m^-2。

In this study,pepper variety 8819 were used as the material,and spent substrates were used as the organic fertilizer,the effect of five different dosages of spent substrate on pepper variety 8819 were exhibited on plant height,stem diameter,soil microorganism,protective enzymes and the content of chlorophyll and malonaldehyde.The results showed that when compared with the control,application of different dosages of spent substrate promoted pepper growth,especially increased the stem diameter,and got the largest stem diameter at the dosage of 800 kg·667m^-2. The effects of different dosages of spent substrate on the content of chlorophyll in different growth stages of pepper were different. All the treatments increased the content of chlorophyll significantly in the whole growth and development stages of pepper,the chlorophyll content of treatment B could be increased by 1. 0%- 29. 2% than other treatments. The application of spent substrate increasd the quantity of soil bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi,andcould improve the soil fertility,thus contributing to the growth of pepper. The effects of different dosages of spent substrate on protective enzyme system showed that the activities of POD and CAT were decreased in all treatments.However,it is no linear to the degree of decline and in the dosages of spent substrate. All the treatment except A could decrease the content of MDA content significantly. Optimum dosages of spent substrate from 400 kg·667 m^-2to 1 600 kg·667 m^-2improved the photosynthesis of pepper and then improve the stress resistance. From all the results,it illustrated that application of spent substrate at dosage of 800 kg·667 m^-2is optimum in cultivation.