有机肥施用量对马铃薯品质和土壤环境的影响

Effects of compost application on potato quality and soil environment

在河北坝上地区开展田间小区试验,设置N0（0 kg·hm^-2）,N1（35 640 kg·hm^-2）,N2（47 520 kg·hm^-2）,N3（59 400 kg·hm^-2）,N4（71 280 kg·hm^-2）,N5（95 040 kg·hm^-2）6个有机肥投入水平和1个常规施肥处理（N6）,以马铃薯病害发生情况、产量、品质指标和土壤硝态氮、速效磷残留作为综合评判指标,寻求有机肥最佳投入量。结果表明,N2,N3和N4处理的马铃薯病害发生率较低,N4处理的马铃薯产量最高,N3处理的马铃薯淀粉、粗蛋白和维生素C的含量最高。N0,N1,N2和N3处理的土壤硝酸盐含量在14.03-15.16mg·kg^-1之间,显著（P〈0.05）低于N4,N5和N6处理。建议有机肥施用量为59 400 kg·hm^-2,既可以在保持土壤肥力的基础上降低环境风险,又具有较高的经济效益。

A filed experiment was conducted with 6 levels of compost treatments including N0（ 0 kg·hm^-2）,N1（ 35 640 kg·hm^-2）,N2（ 47 520 kg·hm^-2）,N3（ 59 400 kg·hm^-2）,N4（ 71 280 kg·hm^-2） and N5（ 95 040 kg·hm^-2）,and one conventional fertilizer treatment（ N6）. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the optimized compost application rate in potato production system in Bashang area based on the disease incidence,yields and quality of potatoes and the contents of residual nitrate and available phosphorus in soils. It was shown that the disease incidences were relatively lower in N2,N3 and N4 treatment,and the greatest yield was harvested under N4 treatment. Among all the seven treatments,potatoes under N3 treatment exhibited the highest contents of starch,crude protein and vitamin C. The concentrations of residual nitrate in 0 - 20 cm soil layers of N0,N1,N2 and N3 were around 14. 03 - 15. 16 mg·kg^-1,which were significantly（ P 0. 05） lower than that of N4,N5 and N6 treatments. Thus,it could be concluded that application of 59 400 kg·hm^-2compost was proper for sustaining soil fertility,reducing environmental risk and acquiring high economic benefit.