西藏樟木地区啮齿动物调查

Survey on rodents in Zhangmu area in Tibet

目的了解西藏樟木地区啮齿动物和寄生节肢动物的种类及分布特点。方法于2012年5月和2013年6～7月,选取宿舍、厨房、防空洞、灌木丛等各2个不同生态景观,采用粘鼠板法、夹捕法、笼捕法,对这一地区啮齿动物的种类及分布进行调查,并采集捕获啮齿动物体表寄生节肢动物在解剖镜下鉴定种类。结果捕获啮齿动物98只,捕获率9.46%,脱逃率13.27%,共有9种：黑家鼠（Rattus rattus）10只,小家鼠（Mus musculus）12只,针毛鼠（Rattus fulvesces）2只,褐家鼠（Rattus norvegicus）19只,大林姬鼠（Apodemus peninsulae）5只,臭鼩鼱（Suneus murinus）14只,普通鼩鼱（Sorex radulus）7只,黑唇鼠兔（Ochotona daurica）28只和黄胸鼠（Rattus flavipectus）1只。其中褐家鼠占室内种的42.86%,黑唇鼠兔占野外种的44.44%。黑家鼠和针毛鼠上发现多毛蚤科新蚤属的特新蚤（Neopsylla specialis）21头,染蚤率为5.10%,蚤指数为0.21。结论褐家鼠是樟木地区室内优势种,黑唇鼠兔是野外优势种,啮齿动物染蚤率较低,其流行病学意义有待进一步研究。

Objective To know the species and distribution characteristics of rodents and parasitic arthropods in Zhangmu area in Tibet. Methods In May of 2012 and from June to July of 2013, every two different ecological sites were selected from dormitories, kitchens, air raid shelters, and bushes, and sticking method, trapping method and caging method were used to survey the species and distribution characteristics of rodents in Zhangmu area in Tibet. Besides, parasitic arthropods on the body surface of rodents were captured to identify the species under anatomical lens. Results Total 98 rodents were captured,with a capture rate of 9.46% and an escape rate of 13.27% , including nine species in total ： Rattus rattus （ n = 10 ） , Mus musculus （ n = 12 ）, Rattus fulvesces （ n = 2 ） , Rattus norvegicus （ n = 19 ） ,Apodemus peninsulae （ n = 5 ） , Suneus murinus （ n = 14 ） , Sorex radulus （ n = 7 ） , Ochotona daurica （ n = 28 ） , and Rattusflavipectus（ n = 1 ）. Among them,Rattus norvegicus accounted for 42. 86% of the indoor species and Ochotona daurica accounted for 44.44% of the wild species. From Rattus rattus and Rattus fulvesces,Neopsylla specialis （n = 21 ） of new flea genus neopsylla was found, with a flea infection rate of 5.10% and a flea index of 0.21. Conclusion Rattus norvegicus is dominant in the indoor species and Ochotona daurica is dominant in the wild species in Zhangmu area. The flea infection rate of rodents is low; the epidemiological significance of rodents needs further study.