山西采煤沉陷区地质灾害特征分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Geological Hazards in the Sinking Coal Mining Area in Shanxi

笔者从山西省的不同区域选取了7个具有代表性的采煤沉陷区区块样本,采用类比法和归纳法,对采煤沉陷区自然和人为因素引起的地质灾害类型、特征以及地质灾害的环境衍生效应进行了研究。结果表明地裂缝及地面塌陷是山西采煤沉陷区的主要地质灾害类型;地质灾害的诱发因素主要是人类工程活动,特别是采煤活动。此类灾害具有集聚性与群发性、诱发的多因性与治理的复杂性、灾害的衍生性与影响的多方面性等特征。地质灾害是造成地形地貌景观、土地资源、水资源、生态环境被破坏的重要原因,必须对其进行综合治理。

In order to make a survey of the geological hazard characteristics in the sinking coal mining area of Shanxi Province,this paper selects 7 representative samples from different sinking coal mining areas. By virtue of the method of analogy and induction,the researcher conducts the study of the geological hazards type and characteristics caused by the natural and the human-being activities,the general characteristics of the geological hazards in the sinking coal mining area,and the derivative environment effect of the geological hazards. The results showed that: 1) the main geological hazards is the ground fissure and the ground collapse in the sinking coal mining area; 2) the major inducing factors of geological hazards is the human engineering activities,especially coal mining activities; 3) the sinking coal mining areas has the following characteristics: the close relationship with the human activity,the agglomeration and the collectivity,the multiple inducing factors and the complexity of treatment,and derivations and variations of hazards. The geological hazards is the main adverse factor that will destroy landform and landscape,land resources,water resources,ecological environment,which have to be treated in an all-rounded way in haste.