城市交通拥挤对策新解

New Interpretation on Urban Traffic Congestion Countermeasures

为改变拥挤对策讨论庞杂无序、实效有限的状况,全面检索并总结了城市交通拥挤对策的理论和实践成果,将其归纳为时间、对象和技术三维结构模型,阐释了这三个维度上的代表性对策。从问题根本性和现实特性出发,提出了设计和实施交通拥挤对策的基本理念、总体目标和约束条件,归纳了四项综合对策。对策的设计面向交通拥挤的根本性特征和现实性焦点,并从五个方面论述了实施交通拥挤对策的关键技术和方法,涉及公交系统设计从满负荷公交向舒适公交转变、落实智能交通系统实效性的重点、以交通管理效能反向约束前导的规划建设环节等。

The urban traffic congestion management, control strategies and methods are with a vast number of disorders, whose performances seldom go as we hope. To improve such a situation, this paper retrieved the theoretical and practical achievements in their entirety, summarized them into a framework model with three dimensions of time, object and technology, and the typical methods of the three dimensions were also expounded. Proceeding from the issues of fundamental and practical features, this paper presented the basic idea, general goal and constraints for traffic congestion countermeasure design and implement, summed up four items of comprehensive strategies, which aimed at the fundamental characteristics and practical focuses of traffic congestion. And the relative key technologies and methods for the implementation of such countermeasures were related and analyzed from five aspects, involving the transformation of transit services from focusing on the capacity to the comfort, the emphases on ensuring intelligent transport effectiveness, as well as restricting the former stages of planning and constructing by the traffic management performances, etc.