词典对假借与通假的处理

On the Approaches of Dictionary for Phonetic Loan Characters and Interchangeability Characters

假借本无其字,通假是古人写的别字,词典的注音与释义需要对这二者有所区分。假借造字形成古今字,古字注音当以古代韵书作依据。今字音有变化的应注出区别;通假字今音与本字音不同,宜遵"读以本字"之训注本字音。假借造成古今字以不用"通"字为是。词典在通假义列立上错收与漏收较多,没有严格按通假义的概念去把握,没有注意通假时限,没有注重词义、声韵分析,对训诂术语缺少认识,盲目信从旧注,有的回避书证,避繁就简,大量歧异都缘于对通假义的认知。后起字之间的借用,词典可取用"通"字。

Phonetic loan characters did not exist originally ,w hile interchangeability characters refer to the wrongly written ones of our ancestors ,so their phonetic notations and paraphrasing should be differentiated .Phonetic loan characters make ancient and modern characters come into being . T he phonetic notation of the ancient ones should be depended on the ancient rhyming dictionary ,while if there is any variation for the modern ones ,it should be noted .The pronunciation of interchangeability characters is different from its modern one ,so it should be pronounced as it is now .Some of these entries are wrong and some are missing in the dictionaries ,which results from that the concepts are not strictly abided by ,the time limit is not paid attention to ,the meaning and rhyme are not analyzed clearly ,the explanations of words in ancient books are not fully understood and the documentary evidence is not adopted and so on .So as far as the later graphs are concerned ,dictionaries can make use of the general ones .