胡适的父权缺失与母权凸显——兼论中国传统女性在社会转型中的作用

The Analysis of the Lack of Patriarchy and the Prominence of Matriarchate in the Life Experience of Hu Shi and the Research on the Role of Traditional Chinese Women in Social Transformation

胡适成长为具有历史影响的中国现代文化巨人,固然与其接受了较为系统的美国现代教育有着直接的关联,但是,胡适在其人生成长的关键期,即胡适的童年和青少年时期,其独特的家庭状况,尤其是因胡适的父权缺失而导致的母权凸显,对其人生底色起到了"着色"的作用:其一,胡适母亲对丈夫的崇拜,以及对"念书"的推崇,深刻地改写了胡适的人生轨迹;其二,胡适母亲注重培养胡适的内省品格,并内化为其自我认知,这为其思想和情感由传统向现代的转型奠定了坚实的基础;其三,胡适的孤儿寡母的人生经历,使得其对寡母的情感状态有着更为深切的同情和理解,这既培养了胡适对苦难人生的真切感悟能力,也使其从对母亲的报答养育之恩出发,进而升华为对民族、国家的报答。总的来说,在胡适由传统走向现代的过程中,胡适母亲起到了中介的作用。

Although the influential achievements by Hu Shi in China＇ s modem literature were directly connected with his education background in America, the lack of patriarchy and the prominence of matriarchate in his childhood and adolescence also played an important part in his success. The reasons are as follows： firstly, his mother worshiped her husband and considered study as a very significant thing, which had a great impact on Hu Shi＇ s life. Secondly, Hu＇ s mother focused on the cultivation of Hu＇ s self - introspection ability which internalized his self - awareness, so that Hu was able to get to know very well about himself by means of self - introspection, which laid a solid foundation of the transition from his traditional thoughts and emotions to the modem ones. Lastly, because Hu Shi lost his father when he was a child and he was raised by his mother alone, which made him sympathize and understand his poor mother better. His bitter but lucky life experience without father endowed him with better insight into the sufferings in the world and let him have the gratitude for the love and care from his mother and further repay his motherland. Overall, Hu Shi＇ s mother played a role of intermediate in his development from the traditional culture to the modem one.