收获时期对水稻制种产量的影响

Effect of Harvesting Period on Rice Seed Production

采用3个不同熟期的水稻品种（早熟品种：白粳1号、中熟品种：通88—7、中晚熟品种：通系929），分别在不同时期收获（出穗后30～80d，每次间隔5d），并对各收获时期的产量进行测定，总结分析了三个不同熟期水稻品种的最佳收获时期及其与种子产量的关系。结果表明，水稻种子产量从出穗后30-65d，随着出穗天数的增加而增长，超过65d因田间损失（尤其是遇到霜冻后）而下降。在试验区的气候条件下，水稻种子适宜收获期为出穗后50～60d，最迟不超过65d；早熟、中熟品种由于出穗期较早，适宜收获期可以延至出穗后55~60d，初霜前收获；中晚熟品种为出穗后50～55d，初霜期开始收获，初霜之后霜冻之前（9月末）收获结束，收获过早（≤50d）种子产量降低，过晚不仅种子产量受到损失，而且种子质量下降。

3 rice varieties with different maturation periods as materials （Baijing-1 was early-maturing variety, Tong88-7 was middlematurity variety, Tongxi-929 was late maturing variety）, harvest at different period （30-80 days after heading at 5 days intervals）, then measured yield, the paper analysed the relationship between the best harvesting period and seed production on three rice varieties of different maturation periods. The result indicated that seed production can be inireased along with the increasing of earing stage from 30 to 65 days after heading, seed production would decline over 65 days after heading＂ because of field loss, especially because of frost. Suitable harvest time were 50-60 days after heading under the climatic condition of trial district, or 65 days at the latest; Suitable harvest time of early-maturing and middle-maturity variety can be put off 55-60 days after heading because of early earing stage, it can harvest before the early frost; Suitable harvest time of mid-late maturity variety were 50-55 days after heading and it can harvest in the early frost and finished before frost, too early harvest can reduce seed production and too late can influence the yield and quality.