香鱼配合饲料挤压加工工艺优化研究

Optimization of extrusion processing of feed for Plecoglossus altivelis

为了生产出低污染、高转化率的环保型香鱼沉性挤压饲料,以沉性香鱼配合挤压饲料膨化度、近似密度和水中稳定性为重要特性指标,采用单因素和正交试验研究了物料含水率、螺杆转速和螺杆温度对其挤压工艺和饲料特性的影响。结果表明:物料含水率、螺杆转速和螺杆中、后部温度均影响饲料膨化度、近似密度和水中稳定性,正交方差分析显示,螺杆后部温度对近似密度有显著影响。通过单因素和正交试验确定香鱼配合饲料挤压工艺条件为:物料含水率30%、螺杆转速90 r/min、螺杆后部温度90℃,此条件下挤压饲料产品的近似密度最大,水中稳定性也较好,能很好地满足香鱼的摄食要求。

In order to produce a kind of sinking extruded feed with low-pollution, high conversion rate and environment friendly for Ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, this paper took swelling degree, approximate density and water stability of sinking extruded feed as important indicators, estimated the effects of material moisture content, screw speed and screw extrusion temperature on feed characteristics by single factor test and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that feed moisture content, screw speed and barrel temperature, rear feed temperature all affected the swelling degree, approximate density and water stability of feed. And, orthogonal ANOVA result showed that the barrel temperature had significant effect on approximate density. Through single factor test and orthogonal experiment, the processing parameters of feed extrusion were as follows： feed moisture content of 30%, barrel temperature at 90~C, screw speed of 90 r/min, under these conditions, feed product with maximum approximate density and better water stability was produced and were also better able to satisfy Ayu＇ s requirement.