劳动合同内容的妥当性——《劳动合同法》第26条第1款第2项的解释适用

On Appropriateness of Employment Contract

内容的适法性与妥当性均系劳动合同的生效要件。《劳动合同法》第26条第1款第2项应当被定位为体现劳动合同特色的妥当性要件,起到规制劳动合同内容的一般条款的作用。该项的规范功能及主要目的在于遏止用人单位在劳动合同中滥用其经济优势地位,过分压制弱势劳动者的行为。作为概括性条款,该项规定的适用应着重案例化、类型化的操作方式;在适用顺序方面,原则上应明确妥当性要件补充适用的地位;可借鉴《合同法》第52条第4项的操作模式,即在妥当性要件下引入法律、行政法规以外的低位阶规范(地方法规、部委规章等)中的强制性规定,作为确认劳动合同效力的依据。

Legality and appropriateness are essentials for validity of employment contract. Subparagraph 2 of paragraph 1 of Article 26 of Employment Contract Law should be construed as the appropriateness essential of employment contract. This provision reflects the features of employment contract and serves as a general clause to regulate the contents of employment contract. The regulating function of this provision is to prevent the employer from abusing his economic advantages and unduly oppress the employee. As a general clause, this provision should be applied in way of case studying and classifying. In principle, this provision should be applied of secondary to subparagraph 2 of paragraph 1 of Article 26. The operation mode of subparagraph 4 of Article 52 of Contract Law should be used for reference, namely introducing the compulsory provisions of low-ranking norms into this provision, and regarding them as the yardstick for evaluating the validity of employment contract.