四川客家的双言现象

The Diglossia Phenomenon in Sichuan Hakka Dialect

闽粤赣客家人在明末清初"湖广填四川"的移民浪潮中入蜀并把客家方言带到了四川,历经三百年后,在成都、隆昌、西昌、仪陇几地客家人聚居的地方,还保留着客家方言。四川各地的客家人不只使用客家方言,还使用当地的官话,使用双方言进行交际是四川客家人比较普遍的语言生活方式。从对调查问卷的分析看出,四川客家人的聚居方式、语言态度与语言习惯、通婚方式等因素对四川客家的双言现象都带来了影响,但四川客家的双言现象有发生转用四川官话的趋势。

In late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,the immigration wave of people from Hubei and Guangzhou moving to Sichuan brought Hakka people in Fujian,Guangdong and Jiangxi as well as their Hakka dialect to Sichuan.Three hundred years later,Hakka dialect is still widely used in regions inhabited by Hakka people,such as Chengdu,Longchang,Xichang and Yilong.Hakka people living in various parts of Sichuan speak not only Hakka dialect,but also Sichuan dialect.Diglossia,communicating through both languages,prevails in Sichuan Hakka households.An analysis of the questionnaires reveals that the diglossia phenomenon in Sichuan Hakka dialect is influenced by the ways of Sichuan Hakka people living in close proximity,their language attitude and habit,intermarriage mode,etc.However,there are indicators of a trend that the diglossia phenomenon may give way to Sichuan dialect.