禽流感病毒的监测及诊断

Surveillance and diagnosis of avian influenza viruses

禽流感病毒的天然宿主有水禽、野生鸟类和迁移性候鸟等。禽流感病毒主要感染家禽,并造成严重的经济损失,有的禽流感病毒的亚型还可感染人,是在人群中引发流感大流行的一个潜在危险因素。早期监测、快速准确检测和诊断禽流感病毒有助于预测、评估和了解禽流感病毒的变异趋势、流行传播规律,并及时应对突发的禽流感疫情。本文将简述禽流感病毒的监测及诊断方法。

The natural hosts of avian influenza virus （AIV） consist of waterfowls,wildbirds and migratory birds.AIVs infect poultry primarily and can cause severe economic losses,and some subtypes of AIVs can infect human beings.Avian influenza has a potential for inducing pandemic influenza in human populations,and is a risk factor to affect public health severely.Therefore,early surveillance,rapid and accurate diagnosis of AIV will facilitate predicting and understanding of variation and prevalence of AIV,and managing influenza outbreaks in a timely manner.In this review,we will introduce techniques used for surveillance and diagnosis of AIV.