中国外交资源的差序式管理探析

On Differentiated Management of China's Diplomatic Resources

中国外交手段日益多元化、战略目标逐渐清晰,但国力发展与国家形象、国家影响力提升之间仍存在不同步现象,使中国外交当前的转型面临一种异化困境。导致这一困局的原因主要在于,外交手段与外交资源未能实现有效对接,导致目标与手段之间的脱节。要改变这一局面,需要依据多维度视角对中国外交资源系统进行更为细致的划分,改变当前外交资源碎片化的现状,在资源的开发及利用方面依据差序化逻辑将不同维度的外交资源组织起来。通过横向与纵向的有机结合,差序化逻辑可使中国外交资源的调用形成一种复合式结构:明确不同外交资源对实现不同目标的比较优势,进而建立实现外交目标资源调用的立体结构图。对中国外交资源的差序化管理要求,准确认识不同的外交资源在结构中的不同位置,并在外交资源的开发上通过调节资源分布来对结构加以优化。这一立体结构图本身并非固定不变的,相反它具有高度的灵活性,可依据外交目标和外交资源之间的不同搭配,促进外交目标的更好实现,同时有效节约外交资源。这对实现中国外交的中长期战略目标和外交资源的可持续管理也有重要意义。

Chinese foreign policy toolkit becomes more diversified and its strategic objectives become more clear-cut. But China's international image and global influence have not befitted its national power. The foreign policy toolkit has not been aligned with diplomatic resources, resulting in a gap between objectives and approaches. To bridge this gap requires differentiated and detailed sequencing of China's diplomatic resources from a multi-dimensional perspective. It is also necessary to assemble the current diplomatic fragments and organize them according to a differential and hierarchical logic, which facilitates the formation of a vertically and horizontally compound structure of diplomatic resources, i.e. a 3D structure of comparative advantages and employment of differentiated resources for differential objectives. Differentiated management of China's diplomatic resources requires accurate positioning of differential resources in the whole structure and maximizes exploration through resource reallocation. The 3D structure is not rigid but highly flexible. The objectives and resources in the structure can be reconfigured to achieve foreign policy goals cost-effectively. It is also conducive to the attainment of mid- and long-term strategic objectives in China's foreign policy and the sustainable management of diplomatic resources.