巴西与2015年后国际发展议程

Post-2015 Development Agenda——Brazil's Experience, Choices and Implications

作为一支重要的新兴国际发展力量,巴西在国内发展与国际发展合作两方面均取得显著进步。巴西参与国际发展合作表现出注重利用本国发展模式的外溢效应、服务于外交和战略利益的拓展、强调伙伴关系和需求驱动等特征。本文试图从身份认知、合作理念和合法性等角度出发,分析巴西在参与2015年后国际发展议程的建构中成为可持续发展目标坚定支持者的原因和政策局限。这包括作为发展合作供给方所需的政策调整、合作理念上进取与保守的平衡以及国内外合法性的压力提升三个方面。巴西参与国际发展合作的经验和政策选择在新兴经济体中具有一定的代表性,对于后者参与2015年后议程具有相当的启示意义。新兴经济体在国际发展合作中面临着机制缺陷、话语权不够、能力不足和合法性匮乏等挑战。为此,新兴经济体在参与发展合作的进程中,可以从重视多层次国际多边合作、突出发展概念的全面性、遵循多元主体参与和完善机制建设等方面着力推动理念、机制和能力建设。

As an important emerging international development player, Brazil made rapid progress in both domestic development and international development cooperation. Brazil's performance in development cooperation was characterized by emphasizing spill-over effects of its domestic development model, serving its expanding diplomatic and strategic interests, and attaching importance to partnership and demand-driven. From the perspective of identity, ideas and legitimacy, this article tries to understand the reasons and limitations for Brazil as a committed supporter of SDGs in the post-2015 development agenda. Brazil faces challenges such as policy adjustments as a supplier of development cooperation, keeping balance between aggressive and conservative approaches, and raising domestic and external legitimacy demand. Brazil's experience has representativeness and implications for emerging economies to participate in the post-2015 development agenda. The challenges faced by emerging economies include weak institutions, inadequate influence, lack of capacity and legitimacy. Therefore, emerging economies need to strengthen their norms, institutions and capacity building by enhancing multi-level multilateral cooperation, constructing comprehensive concept of development, adopting a multi-stakeholder model and improving institutions.