东方白鹳鸟巢结构特征与人工巢架设计

Structure characteristics of natural nests and its implication to artificial nest frame design for Ciconia boyciana

人工巢能提高鸟类繁殖成功率,在濒危鸟类保护中已取得显著成效.本文对黑龙江洪河自然保护区东方白鹳天然巢结构特征和人工巢利用情况进行了调查,应用单因素方差分析比较未利用的人工巢、已利用的人工巢和天然巢的结构差异.结果表明：3种巢穴的支架直径、支架夹角、支架交点高及巢位高等结构因子均存在显著差异.结合天然巢结构特征,东方白鹳人工巢架立柱直径应在15.0~25.0 cm,高度5.0~12.0 m,使用水泥等抗酸性腐蚀材料建造.支架数量应为3~4个,直径9.0~12.0 cm,夹角45°~60°,长度90.0~140.0 cm.

Artificial nest can improve the breeding success of birds in the field, and it has been proved to be more effective to endangered species. We surveyed the structure characteristics of natural nest and the status of the use of artificial nests for oriental white stork, Ciconia boyciana, in Honghe National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province. Differences were investigated among the structure characteristics of the used and unused artificial nests, and natural nests based on one-way ANOVA. It was observed that significant differences in the diameter of nest branch, the vertical an- gle between nest branch, the height of the jointthe height of the nest above ground exited in different nest types. On account of the structure characteristics of the natural nests of C. boyciana, the suit- able diameter of nest pillar for artificial nest frame should be 15.0-25.0 cm with the height of 5.0-12.0 m, which would be better if they were constructed by some acid-resistant materials, e. g. cement. The number of nest stands should be 3-4 individuals with the diameter of 9.0-12.0 cm, the vertical angle of 45°-60°, and the length of 90.0-140.0 cm.