大学生体质健康促进的心理干预对策研究

Research on the Mental Interfere Strategy of College Student's Physical Fitness Promotion

文章通过对浙江省近5年高校新生体质健康测试数据以及体质调研数据进行比较与分析,认为要维持与提高学生体质健康水平有待于科学干预学生体育锻炼的认知心理因素。采用体质测量法和心理测量法分析了男女大学生体质与身体自我概念及体育锻炼态度的差异及其相互关系,并基于健康行为过程理论(HAPA)探讨了学生身体自我概念、体育锻炼态度等心理要素的干预策略。研究结果表明:1男大学生体育锻炼态度的各因子得分均高于女大学生,且在行为习惯与行为控制两因子上呈显著的性别差异;2男大学生身体自我概念各因子得分均低于女大学生,身体肥胖、协调、活动、整体身体因子呈显著差异,身体健康、耐力及总分呈非常显著的差异;3男大学生体质各因子与体育锻炼态度呈显著相关,而女生只有坐位体前屈及800m跑与体育锻炼态度呈显著相关;4男大学生1 000m跑与身体健康、自尊及总分存在显著相关,女生体重、握力与身体自尊,坐位体前屈与身体活力,800m跑与身体耐力,自尊呈显著相关;5男大学生身体自我概念各因子主要与行为习惯、行为控制及主观标准因子之间存在显著相关;女大学生身体自我概念各因子与体育锻炼态度的多数因子均呈显著相关,身体健康、耐力、外表、活力、自尊、整体身体因子及总分对大学生体育锻炼态度均有正向的预测作用;6从认知心理因素干预学生的体质健康,可以将体育锻炼变化过程中的各种策略和变化的具体阶段联系起来,有效激发与维持学生的科学体育生活方式。

The article compared and analyzed the 5years data of fitness health in college freshman and fitness health investigation data in Zhejiang province,we think that to maintain and raise student＇s fitness health is treated to interfere the cognition mental factor on student＇s athletics.Through fitness and mental measurement,we analyzed the difference and correlation of male and female college student＇s fitness and body self-concept as well as exercise attitude,and according to the theory of health action process approach（HAPA）,we inquired into the intervention strategy of main mental factors like body self-concept,exercise attitude,etc.The research showed that：①Each factor of male student＇s exercise attitude is higher than female students,and there is a significant difference in the behavior control and habit.②Each factor of male student＇s body self-concept is lower than female students,and there is a significant difference in body fat,moderate,the activity,whole body factor,healthy body,and total cent to present the much more difference.③Male＇s each factor of fitness is related to exercise attitude,but girl only the bend before the body and 800 meters is related to exercise attitude;④1000 meters of college male student is related significantly with healthy body,self-respect and total cent,girl＇s weight,grip and body self-respect;the bend before the body to body vitality;800meters and endurance,and self-respect present significant relation;⑤There is significant relations between male and female student＇s body self-concept to exercise attitude;body self-concept can positive estimate exercise attitude.⑥The intervention in student＇s fitness health by mental factor can contact changing various strategy in the process with change stage,and may effectively stir up and maintain student＇s healthy exercise style.