丹尼特异现象学方法论研究

On Methodology of Dennett's Heterphenonmenon

意识由于它的第一人称特征,用科学的第三人称的方法似乎很难通达,二者之间存在着一个不可逾越的鸿沟。这就使得意识成为一个很难解决的问题。丹尼特持非常激进的态度,提出要采用异现象学的方法来解决意识难题。丹尼特的方法论研究开始于对内省的第一人称方法的批判和对第三人称方法的坚持,并对前二者结合之后提出异现象学方法论。他的异现象学方法遭到了查尔莫斯的反对并引起了激烈的争论。虽然这种方法论有不合理的地方,但是对意识研究依然有启示意义。

Consciousness,due to its first-person feature,seems to be hard to be dealt with by the third-person method of science. The impassable gulf between them makes consciousness a very hard problem. In sol-ving the problem of consciousness,Dennett radically adopts the third-person heterphenomenology. Dennett criti-cizes first-person method,introduces his third-person method,and studies his heterphenomenology. His opinion was opposed to by Chalmers,and gave rise to radical argument. Despite some unreasonable points in the theory, heterphenomenology has been enlightening to consciousness research.