论质押背书和交付在票据质权设定中的意义

On the Significance of Pledge Endorsement and Delivery in the Establishment of Bill Mortgage

质押背书是票据质押的对抗要件还是生效要件,以及基于质押合同和交付可否设立票据质权,这是票据质押的核心争议问题。解决质押背书的问题在于如何准确理解《担保法意见》第98条的意义。"质押"字样是否记载决定了背书的性质是质押背书还是转让背书,而非决定质权是否成立和生效。背书和质押背书都可以设定质权,只是效力上有所差异,但基于质押合同和交付却不能实现票据质权的设定。

The kernel controversial issues in the bill pledge are：whether the pledge endorsement is the antagonism element or effective element and whether it is feasible to set up the bill mortgage based on the pledge contract and delivery. The problem of pledge endorsement lies in how to accurately understand article 98 of “Opinions in Guarantee Law”. The character record of“pledge”determines the nature of endorsement as to whether it is transferring or pledging. It does not determine whether it is taking effect or not on the mortgage. Not only endorsement but also pledge endorsement can set up mortgage, while the efficiencies are different. And bill mortgage can not be established in pledge contract and delivery.