大城市劳动力供需平衡与外来劳动力就业政策研究——以上海市为例

A Study on Metropolitan Labor Supply and Demand Balance and Migrant Labor Employment Policy——Evidence from Shanghai Municipality

文章在经济转型和大城市人口调控背景下,研究了上海劳动力资源供需平衡趋势与外来劳动力需求情况。研究显示,在上海经济保持一定的增长速度下,2015-2020年外来劳动力需求量在700-856万人之间,这使大城市在对待外来劳动力上处于尴尬境地,一方面面临着经济发展对外来劳动力的依赖性,另一方面面临着大城市人口调控的压力。目前上海劳动力市场中外来劳动力与本地劳动力在就业岗位、工资待遇、社会福利等方面仍存在一定的差异。外来劳动力与本地劳动力在岗位上更多的是一种优势互补关系,对外来劳动力歧视有悖于社会公平理论,同时政府的强行调控政策也不利于劳动力市场的发展。政府的职责应该是尽可能地创造出健康、有序、公平的市场秩序,让市场在调节劳动力供需和结构性短缺上发挥决定性作用。

This paper carries out a study on the trend of supply and demand balance of labor resources and mi-grant labor demand in Shanghai in the context of the economic transition and the urban population control of bigcities. The results show that the demand for migrant workers is about 7 to 8.56 million in Shanghai from 2015 to2020 under its economy maintains a certain growth rate,which makes the city in an awkward position in the treat-ment of migrant workers. On the one hand,the city is facing more economic dependence on migrant workers. Onthe other hand,it is encountering the pressure of urban population control of big cities. At present,there are stillcertain differences between migrant workers and local labors in jobs,wages,social welfare as well as other aspectsin Shanghai labor market. The relationship between migrant workers and local labors in the employment is a comple-mentary advantages. The discrimination on migrant workers is contrary to social equity theory,while the government’s mandatory control policy is not conducive to the development of labor market. The government should create ahealthy,orderly and fair market,and let the market play a fundamental role in the regulation of labor supply anddemand and structural shortage.