山东省农村学龄前儿童心理健康状况及影响因素

Mental health status and influencing factors in preschoolers in rural areas of Shandong Province

目的：了解山东省农村学龄前儿童心理健康现状和影响因素，为进一步干预提供理论依据。方法采用自行设计儿童基本情况调查表与长处和困难问卷（SDQ）家长版对699名3～5岁农村学龄前儿童进行调查分析。结果被调查儿童情绪和行为问题检出率为29．76％，各因子异常检出率分别为：情绪症状，4．33％；品行问题，9．76％；多动注意力不集中，11．12％；同伴交往问题，6．16％；亲社会行为，12．85％。男童品行问题检出率高于女童（χ2＝14．38，P＜0．05），留守儿童情绪和行为问题检出率高于非留守儿童（χ2＝4．07，P＜0．05）。Logistic回归分析显示，监护人不知晓健康的生活方式、对抚养孩子感到有负担和精力不足、在批评孩子前不给其申诉的机会以及孩子边吃饭边看电视是儿童出现情绪和行为问题的危险因素。结论农村学龄前儿童情绪和行为问题检出率较高，应当引起重视并进行有效的干预。

Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of mental health problems in preschoolers in rural areas of Shandong Province,and provide theoretical foundation for intervention.Methods A self-designed question-naire of children＇s condition and Children Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire （SDQ）for parents were used to investigate 699 preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years in countryside.Results The abnormal prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in the investigated preschoolers was 29.76%.The abnormal prevalences of SDQ were as follows：emotion symptom,4.33%;morality problem,9.76%;hyperactivity problem,11.12%;peer intercourse problem, 6.16%;and social behavior,12.85%.The abnormal prevalence of SDQ in male children on morality problem was higher than that in female children （χ2 =14.38,P〈0.05）.The abnormal prevalence of SDQ in left-behind children on emotional and behavioral problems was higher than that in non-left-behind children （χ2 =4.07,P〈0.05）.The results of logistic regression showed that the risk factors of emotional and behavioral problems in guardians were ignoring the healthy lifestyle,feeling burdened or less energetic to raise children,ignoring children＇s complaints and allowing chil-dren to eat while watching TV.Conclusion The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems is high in preschool-ers,so more attention should be paid and efficient intervention should be considered.