加入WTO以来中国出口商品竞争优势的演变

The Evolution of Competitiveness of Chinese Export Commodity after Entrance of the WTO

运用市场占有率、显示性比较优势、贸易竞争指数等指标,对2001—2012年我国进出口商品的数据进行分析,发现我国对外贸易整体竞争优势不断增强。对以SITC1位码水平下九类商品的竞争力指数分析,可以看出我国在劳动密集型产品上优势较明显,但有减弱迹象;我国资源密集型产品的国际竞争力越来越弱,资本和技术密集型的产品竞争优势逐渐增强。通过对不同技术含量制成品的贸易竞争力分析,发现我国低技术含量制成品竞争力在不断增强,具有较为明显的竞争优势,中等技术含量制成品中工程类制成品、加工类制成品及电子和电力类高科技含量制成品竞争力逐渐显现。

T his article analyses the index of market share and other competitiveness index on the data of Chinese export and import from 2001 to 2012 and find that the competitiveness of Chinese commodity in‐creases continuously .It show s that China has strong comparative advantage in labor‐intensive industries but there are signs of decreasing in recent years ,the competitiveness of resource‐intensive products became more weaker and the competitiveness of capital and technology intensive industries were strengthening gradually .Analysis the index of manufactures of diffirent technology content ,we can see that China has obvious advangtage on the low‐technology manufactures ,and the competitive advantage are still growing , but in many kinds of the medium‐technology manufactures and a few kinds of high‐technology manufac‐tures ,the competitiveness is strengthening gradually .In the end ,the article puts forward countermeas‐ures of enhancing our export products competitiveness .