游客视角的湿地景区游憩冲击:维度及其影响——以广州南沙湿地公园为例

Recreation Impacts on a Wetland Scenic Area from a Visitor Perspective:Dimension and Its Influence——The Case of Nansha Wetland Park in Guangzhou

以广州南沙湿地公园为案例地,基于一手调查数据,从游客感知的视角,研究了游憩冲击的维度及其影响。首先,理论探讨了湿地景区的游憩冲击影响游憩品质,进而影响游后意愿的逻辑关系;其次,探索并验证了游憩冲击的结构和维度;最后,采用结构方程模型方法,深入分析了游憩冲击以游憩品质为中介变量进而影响游后意愿的内在机理与关联特征。研究发现:(1)游憩冲击属于二阶因子结构,包含有生态环境冲击、游客冲突和设施管理冲击3个维度;(2)生态环境冲击和设施管理冲击负向影响游憩体验,设施管理冲击和游客冲突负向影响总体满意度;(3)游憩体验是提高总体满意度的重要影响因素,游憩体验正向影响总体满意度和忠诚度,并通过总体满意度间接影响忠诚度。

With the rapid development of wetland tourism, recreation impacts （in wetland scenic area）have attracted increasing attention from both academics and managers of wetland scenic areas. Toresolve the conflicts between wetland recreation utilization and environmental protection, it isimportant to seek an optimal balance point, so as to achieve harmony in further development. Inwetland tourism development, how to develop and manage the recreation resources and at the sametime guarantee a high quality environment becomes an compelling issue for sustaining and satisfyingrecreation utilization under the premise of protecting the ecological environment of wetland scenicareas. This research takes Nansha Wetland Park in Guangzhou City, a national 4A tourist attraction, asthe study case. Based on first-hand data of field research, questionnaire investigation and open-endedinterviews, dimensions of recreation impacts and their influences on recreation quality were examinedusing structural equation modelling. Firstly, on the basis of a literature review, a conceptual model ofrecreation impacts was developed; under this theoretical framework, the relationships betweenrecreation impacts of wetland scenic area, recreation quality （recreation experience and overallsatisfaction） and revisit intention （loyalty） were discussed and proposed; Secondly, the study exploredthe construct of recreation impacts and confirmed its dimensions. Thirdly, the study examined thestructural relationships in the conceptual model; structural equation modeling being employed toanalyze the casual relationships among recreation impacts, recreation quality and revisit intention.Results of this research are as follows： （1） Recreation impacts were found in a second-order factorstructure, which includes three dimensions and 16 items; the three dimensions are ecologicalenvironment impact, tourist conflict, and facility management impact, the 16 items are soil trampling,vegetation cover trampling, increased informal trails, damaged mangrove community, disturbedwetland protected area, alteration of flora and fauna species, crowded visitors, noise from visitors, longqueuing time, other visitors do not abide by the rules and regulations, insufficient facilities for resting,insufficient barrier- free space, small parking lot, insufficient bird- watching space, unskilled logosystem design, and man-made sabotage of facilities. （2） Dimensions of recreation impacts had differenteffects on recreation experience and overall satisfaction of tourists： ecological environment impact andfacility management impact negatively affected the recreation experience; facility management impactand tourist conflict negatively affected the overall satisfaction of tourists. （3） Recreation experiencepositively affected the overall satisfaction and loyalty, and affected loyalty through partial mediation ofoverall satisfaction indirectly.This research has theoretical significance; it contributes to the knowledge of tourist psychologyand recreation behavior in the context of ecological scenic spots with low- density development. Thedeveloped theoretical framework of recreation impacts provides reference for future recreationmanagement practices and resource conservation of wetland scenic areas. Managerial implications arediscussed based on the empirical results and in-depth interviews of tourists and management personnel.Specifically, measures to reduce recreation impacts, manage recreation resources and formulaterecreation management policy and plans are presented. These measures could help realize a win-winsituation that enables recreation opportunity utilization maximization and wetland resourceconservation. Finally, limitations and recommendations for future research are presented.