禾草内生真菌的多样性及意义

Research advances on diversity of grass Epichloё endophytes

禾草内生真菌是一个多样性十分丰富的微生物类群,因其具有重要的生理和生态作用而成为当前国内外研究的热点。禾草内生真菌的多样性主要有种的多样性、宿主多样性、生境多样性、形态多样性以及遗传多样性。主要是感染冷季型禾草的香烛菌属(Epichloё)及其无性态Neotyphodium属。全球生态环境复杂、宿主植物多样性丰富,导致内生真菌的多样性更加丰富,从而会发现更多新的真菌分类单元,这在菌种收集和保藏方面独具优势。内生真菌可使禾草提高抗逆性并适应逆境甚至极端环境条件,这对于深入探讨内生真菌-宿主之间的相互作用,有目的性和科学性地构建新的禾草内生真菌共生体及植物微生态系统的研究都具有十分重要的意义。

Grass Epichloe endophyte is a microorganism community with abundant biodiversity; it has become one of the most popular research topics, because of its ecological and physiological functions and the great ap plication potentiality in the fields of agriculture and medicine as biocontrol agents and foreign gene carrier at home and abroad. In this review, the diversity of endophytic fungi in grasses have been summarized, mainly cool-season grasses infected with these endophytes mostly belong to Clavicipitaceae genera of Epichlof （ana morph Neotyphodium）. It mainly included the diversities of fungal species, symbiotic host, habitat, morphol ogy and genetics. Eco-environmental complex and abundant plant biodiversity lead rich diversity of endophytic fungi, and more and more new endophyte taxa should be discovered. This is more likely that has unique advan tages in the collection and preservation of new fungi. Endophyte could improve the stress tolerance of host grass, make grass to be adapted under stressed even extreme environmental conditions. It has great significance to study deeply on interactions between plant and endophyte, and to build novel symbiosis and the micro-eco system of plants.