木质纤维分解菌群筛选及其对秸秆分解与畜禽粪便除臭能力评价

Screening of lignocellulose degrading microbial communities for their ability to deodorize livestock and poultry wastes

为获得高效的木质纤维素分解菌群,并研究该菌群的分解能力及对畜禽粪便利用能力。以牛、鸡粪混合储粪池中土样为材料,利用限制性培养技术筛选了一组木质纤维素分解菌群;以未经化学处理的秸秆(小麦秸秆、稻草秸秆、玉米秸秆)为材料,利用失重法测定木质纤维素分解菌群的分解能力及抗杂菌污染能力;以自然风干的畜禽粪便为唯一营养源,初步评定了该菌群对畜禽粪便的利用能力和除臭能力。结果表明,筛选的木质纤维素分解菌群48h将培养基内滤纸崩解成糊状,滤纸分解率达84.55%;灭菌条件下接种木质纤维素分解菌群培养6d,小麦秸秆、稻草秸秆、玉米秸秆总重量分别减少47.00%,48.62%,50.21%,接入杂菌条件下接种木质纤维素分解菌群培养6d,小麦秸秆、稻草秸秆、玉米秸秆总重量分别减少42.14%,44.99%,53.74%;分别以5g的猪粪、3g的鸡粪为唯一营养源制作100mL粪便培养液(添加0.35%滤纸),接入木质纤维素分解菌群后,滤纸分别在第3天和第4.5天被分解成糊状,第8天粪便培养液臭味强度(微弱臭气味)较对照(强烈臭气味)明显减弱。木质纤维素分解菌群能高效降解未经化学处理的玉米秸秆等木质纤维材料,抗外来杂菌能力强,能够利用畜禽粪便快速分解纤维素,并具有一定的除臭能力,在农业废弃资源无害化处理及资源化利用等领域具有研究和开发价值。

This study aimed to screen microbial communities that can efficiently decompose lignocellulose, as well as determine their ability to deodorize odor of livestock waste. Composted cattle and chicken feces samples were used to cultivate lignocellulose degrading microbial communities based on a restrictive culture technique. These microbes were mixed with unprocessed straws （wheat, rice and corn）. Subsequently, weight loss was used to evaluate the capability of the microbes to decompose lignocellulose and resist microbial contamination.Naturally dried livestock wastes were also used to investigate the ability of these microbes to utilize and deodor ize livestock and poultry wastes. Six days after inoculating with lignocellulose microbial communities, weight loss of wheat, rice and corn straw reached 47. 00%, 48. 62%0 and 50.21%, respectively. In contrast, the weight loss of these straws was 42.14%, 44.99%, and 53.74% for wheat, rice and corn respectively in the ab sence of inoculation. Lignocellulose microbial communities cultivated in excrement nutrient solutions （100 mL） （containing 5 g of swine manure, or 3 g of chicken manure, or 0. 35% filter paper） were able to reduce odor in tensity after 8 days. In conclusion, lignocellulose microbial communities screened in this study efficiently de composed cellulose in different straws without chemical pretreatment and were able to resist other bacteria. They were also able to deodorize odor from livestock and poultry wastes.