不可让与性与人格权的政治经济学:一个新的解释框架

Inalienability and Political Economy of Personal Right: a New Framework of Interpretation

如何看待人格权与市场机制的关系,是当代私法的重大理论难题之一。传统道德哲学的解释框架将人格与市场截然分离,通过利他主义体系来实现人格资源的供给与分配,但现实的困境与危机说明这种制度安排是无效率的。与之相比,现代政治经济学的解释框架主张用经济理性取代道德理性,将人格权的不可让与性视为对社会情势和现实因素具体考察的结果,因而能更好地解决人格资源供给不足和分配不公的问题。基于政治经济学的研究表明,在现实的约束条件下,允许人格资源的市场交易可能比禁止更有效率,而利益集团控制是立法者舍弃市场机制而选择严格管制的真实原因和主要激励。这一发现对中国的人格权立法有着重要启示。

The approach how we perceive the relationship between personal right and market mechanism is one of most important difficult topics of modern private law. The theoretical framework of traditional moral philosophy separates entirely personality and market, thus implements supply and allocation of personality resources in an altruism system, whereas so- cial dilemma and crisis verit~~ that corresponding institutional arrangements are inefficient. Relative to the ethics framework, the new framework based on modern political economy substitutes economic rationality tor moral rationality, and regards in- alienability of personal right as the outcome of a specific study of social circumstances and practical factors, hence finds a better solution to the problem of short supply and unfair allocation of personality resources. The study based on political e- conomy has shown that it may be more efficient to permit but reject market - alienability of personal right under practical re- strained conditions, while interest- group control is the real reason and principal incentive tor legislative to choose strict regulation but market mechanism, which has great implications tor the legislation of personality in China.