物权式的股东间纠纷解决方案——《〈公司法〉司法解释(三)》评析

A Continental Property Right Perspective on Shareholder's Dispute in China: Also Comments on the Judicial Interpretation III of Corporate Act

最高人民法院延续了一贯通过司法解释约束和指导下级法院的做法,在2005年《公司法》颁布之后陆续颁布了一系列司法解释。2010年底颁布的《司法解释(三)》大幅度补充和修订了规则,这一思路和《司法解释(二)》,以及将要出台的系列司法解释的思路是一贯的。随着2013年新《公司法》的修订,最高人民法院对《司法解释(三)》也做出了相关修正,但仅及于极个别具体规则。对这一具体化和扩张性解释规则可分为公司作为主体的权利规则扩充、股东间的对抗性权利规则扩充、债权人保护规则扩充、与股权确认相关的规则扩充以及有限责任例外规则等并对该规则。应从中国公司立法的特点出发,就《司法解释(三)》中的优缺点、局限性进行分析,对这种规则背后的公司观念以及《公司法》的思维模式加以总结。

After a wide revision of Chinese Corporate Act（CCA） in 2005, the People＇s Supreme Court issued a series of judicial interpretations. The newest one mainly focuses on the legal capital system. In order to keep the corporate actual fund according to its par value, the Judicial Interpretation III to CCA expands very much on the original corporate text. The author explains the rationality of judicial interpretation, explores its merits and defects of the current context, and points out this kind of judicial interpretation is a de facto new legislation without a mechanism of accountability in current Chinese po- litical regimes. The people＇ s Supreme Court made those rules based on the theory or imagination of the corporation as an aggregation of property by shareholders rather than a separated entity with common pool＇ s interest for all shareholders, which also means putting too much effort on legal capital maintenance mechanism and giving too many rights for creditors.