20世纪三四十年代中国马克思主义者对文化保守主义挑战的回应

Response of Early Chinese Marxist to the Challenges of Cultural Conservatism in the 1930s and the 1940s

应对包括文化保守主义在内的社会各思潮的挑战,是马克思主义中国化历史实践中的重要情境。在20世纪三四十年代,就当时中国的问题是什么、为什么会产生以及如何解决,乃至中外文化关系如何处理,以本位文化派为代表的文化保守主义对马克思主义中国化的实践构成了间接但却是根本性的挑战。为此,早期中国马克思主义者进行了积极的回应。从回应的方式来看,体现在间接回应、直接回应和完备回应三种类型上。从回应的内容来看,主要表现在:运用唯物史观系统地分析当时中国所存在的问题;强调以统整并包含文化建设的新民主主义革命实践,对中国社会问题加以根本性解决;注重在马克思主义中国化实践中以综合创新的思路处理好中西文化关系;主张以唯物辩证法的分析方法"扬弃"中国传统文化。这些回应,进一步论证了马克思主义(或中国化马克思主义)的科学真理性,增强了马克思主义中国化实践的现实正当性。

To cope with the challenge of all social ideological trends including cultural conservatism was an important context in the historical practice of Marxism in China.In the 1930 sand the 1940 s,in finding answers to the questions of what Chinese problem was,why and how to solve the problem,and how to deal with the relationship between Chinese and foreign culture,the application of Marxism to the Chinese practice by the cultural conservatives constituted an indirect but fundamental challenge.Therefore,the early Chinese Marxists made a positive response.The ways of response are indirect response,direct response and complete response.The contents of response include:the judgment of the fundamental Chinese problems through systematic historical materialism,new democratic revolution comprising cultural construction to solve the fundamental problems,and borrowing and discarding Chinese traditional culture through materialist dialectics.These responses further demonstrated scientific truth of the Marxism(or Chinese Marxism)and enhanced reality legitimacy on the practice of Marxism in China.