清朝宫廷制作黄铜技术与流传

Palace Techniques of Manufacturing Brasses in Qing Dynasty and Their Spreading

本文依据清宫内务府造办处档案,研究清朝宫廷技术与流传。认为黄铜是清廷制作器物的主要材料。乾隆时宫廷造像规模盛大,北京成为供应蒙古地区铜佛像、供器的中心。过去有学者指出清朝将北京建立为藏传佛教信仰中心,而黄铜器物的制造与传播也反映了这样的趋势。由于宫廷聘用工匠众多,使铸黄铜技术流传于民间,甚至传播到西藏、喀尔喀蒙古等边疆地区,影响是很深远的。

On the basis of the files of Qing Imperial Household Workshops, this paper studies the place techniques of manufacturing brasses in Qing dynasty. Brass was the mainstream of the production of copper con-tent during the Qing dynasty. The palace manufacturde brasses in large-scale during Qianlong period. Beijing became the center of supplying brass statues of budda and sacrificial vessels to Mongolia area. Formerly some scholars thought that Beijing was built as the center of Tibetan Buddism in Qing dynasty, and the manufacturing and spreading of brass artifacts reflected this trend. Because of the need of hiring more and more outside crafts-men, the techniques of casting brass spread outside the palace, even to the border area of Tibet and khalka Mon-gols. The impact is profound.