从大实践境域看道家思想及其与儒家、墨家思想的异同

The Thought of Taoists and the Similarities and Differences of the Thoughts among Taoists,Confucianists and Mohists under the Large- practice Circumstances

大实践的境域融贯可持续发展、共同发展与全面发展。重视自然、人与社会历史多维度、大时空、全方位地互动、互生,就应反对以纯粹性、本源性和绝对性的名义将自然、人与社会历史形而上学化。道家哲学所法之"自然",恰恰就是脱离人和社会历史的"非常"之"道",是没有文明与文化肉身的绝对和纯粹,是抽象的生化与超越之"一"、无何有的"无"、无法理解且不可言说的"玄"。这种人与自然之间原始、抽象、虚拟的统一,引发出了道的绝对性和现实差异的相对性、本体论的绝对主义和认识论的相对主义之诡辩式结合。走出道的形而上学的偏颇,撷取其尊重自然成分的道家思想与儒家重做人、墨家重社会的创见在当代文化思想建设中具有现实的互补作用。

The large - practice circumstances accommodates sustainable development,joint development and all - round development, and emphasizes on the mutual objectives,methods,intermediary and non - linear interaction of nature,human and social history in multi - dimensional,large time and space,and all - round condation,opposes to making them metaphysics in the name of purity,ori-gin and absoluteness. But“nature”in Taoist philosophy means precisely the absoluteness and purity which hasn’t any relationship with human and social history,thus it is“one”which means abstract fountain and transcendence,is“none”which means nothing,is“mystery”which is ineffable. The original abstract virtual unity between man and nature elicit the sophists - style integration between the absoluteness of“Tao”and the relativenss of realistic difference,and between the ontological absolutism and the epistemological rel-ativism. Come out of the metaphysical prejudice of“Tao”,and capture the composition of its respect for nature,Taoist thinking and Confucian thinking which emphasizes on social reality of a manˊs life also have complementary effect.