我国城市厨余垃圾好氧堆肥研究综述

Summary of town kitchen waste aerobic composting research in China

随着社会经济的发展,我国2000年之后逐渐开展城市厨余垃圾的好氧堆肥研究,且厨余垃圾好氧堆肥相关理论技术研究成果逐渐增多,源头处理、动态堆肥等新课题相继提出。本文介绍了好氧堆肥的一般机理,总结了厨余垃圾好氧堆肥预处理、微生物选择与接种、工艺条件控制、腐熟度判定、堆肥形式的研究成果。好氧堆肥处理厨余垃圾需要对原料进行一定的预处理,过程控制主要是通风量和搅拌,堆肥周期和对环境的影响因堆肥形式而异,堆垛式、槽式、容器式、蚯蚓和蝇类抗菌肽堆肥技术特点和优缺点有所不同,适用场所也不一,但都应达到相同的腐熟标准,已有实时、在线监测系统用于腐熟度测定。厨余垃圾堆肥的未来发展是基于源头容器式动态或静态堆肥,生产可就近使用的有机肥或能集中至堆肥厂再经规模化堆制加工为成品肥。

The town kitchen waste is the solid waste produced in food＇s production,transportation,distribution and consumption various aspects. Studies on kitchen waste aerobic composting of China is still lagging behind than the developed countries which became a hot research until 2000 AD. The paper introduced general mechanism of aerobic composting,summarized the research results about raw material pretreatment,microbial agent selection and inoculation,process conditions control,maturity judgment,compost forms and bioreactors in China. In summary,proper raw material pretreatment had to be processed for kitchen waste aerobic composting required,the main factors of process control were ventilation rate and agitation strength regulation. Aerobic compost cycle and the effect of compost processing on environment were affected by compost forms. The technical features and advantage-disadvantage of different compost forms including stacking-compost,trough-compost,container-compost,earthworm-compost and fly antibacterial peptide-compost were different,and could be suitable for different areas,however,all of them should have to meet the same maturity standards. Online monitoring systems had been used in maturity judgment in China. It was believed that the development of kitchen waste composting should be based on the source container dynamic / static-compost to product organic fertilizer that could be used in balcony / terrace cropping,or product the primary humus centralized composting plants to process brands organic fertilizer.