有机钾肥和钾硅钙矿物肥对烤烟生长及烟叶产量质量的影响

Effect of organic potassium fertilizer and potassium-silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer on growth and yield-quality of flue-cured tobacco

为了探讨有机钾肥和矿物钾肥在河南省烤烟上的施用效果,采用大田试验,研究了施用有机钾肥、钾硅钙矿物肥替代15%硫酸钾对烤烟生长及烟叶产量、质量的影响。结果表明,施用有机钾肥、钾硅钙矿物肥替代15%硫酸钾处理比全部施用硫酸钾处理显著提高了圆顶期叶片SPAD值,起到了延缓叶片衰老,保证叶片有足够成熟时间的作用;与全部施用硫酸钾处理相比,用有机钾肥、粒状钾硅钙矿物肥、粉状钾硅钙矿物肥替代15%硫酸钾的3个处理,烟叶产量分别提高16.4%、21.1%和13.0%,产值分别增加5 037.3、10 975.0和3 306.6元/hm2。施用有机钾肥、粉状和粒状钾硅钙矿物肥的3个处理间相比,烟叶产量差异不显著,烟叶产值以施用粒状钾硅钙矿物肥替代15%硫酸钾处理最高,上、中、下部烟叶钾含量显著提高,下部叶和中部叶钾氯比达3.5以上。

The effects of organic and mineral potassium fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco growth and yield-quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied in Henan province by applying organic potassium fertilizer and by potassium-silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer as the substitution of 15% potassium,plus 85% potassium provided by potassium sulfate. Results showed that compared with the treatment of 100% applied potassium,applying 15% potassium as organic potassium fertilizer or potassiumsilicon-calcium mineral fertilizer and 85% potassium provided by potassium sulfate could effectively increase leaf SPAD value of tobacco at dome period which could delay leaf senescence to ensure more time for leaf maturity. Compared to 100% applied potassium sulfate treatment,tobacco leaf yield and value of treatments applied 15% of potassium by using organic potassium fertilizer,potassium-silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer（ granular） and potassium-silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer（ powder） increased by 16. 4%,21. 1% and 13. 0%; 5 037. 3,10 975. 0,and 3 306. 6 yuan/hm^2,respectively. While there were no significant difference between the three treatments for the leaf yield. For the tobacco leaf value,compared to the other treatments,the treatment applied 15% potassium provided by potassium-silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer（ granular） ＋85% potassium provided by potassium sulfate was the highest among three treatments,which significantly increased potassium content in different position leaves and potassium chloride ratio of leaves in lower and middle position were more than 3. 5.