中国情境下新企业投机导向对资源整合的影响研究

Research on the Effect of Opportunistic Orientation on Resource Combination under Chinese Context

资源整合依然是创业领域的热门话题之一,然而现有研究一方面缺乏中国情境下的相关研究,另一方面缺乏对资源整合影响因素的探究。本研究针对中国创业活动实践探究了投机导向对资源整合的内在影响,并基于企业生命周期理论深入探究新企业创建期和成长期投机导向与资源整合的内在关系。研究结果一方面表明新企业开展创业活动的本质即为追求市场机会,因而,无论新企业在创建期还是成长期其基本创业活动均为整合资源以追求获利机会。研究结论另一方面表明技术投机导向仅对新企业获得短期利益有帮助,而对新企业长期发展不利。本研究的结论对于发展和丰富中国情境下创业研究具有重要意义。

Resource combination is still one of the popular topics in entrepreneurial field. However, there are few relative researches under Chinese context and we still know little about the influencing factors of resource combination. Therefore, this study explored how opportunistic orientation influences resource combination based on entrepreneurial actions in China and deeply explored the influencing mechanism between opportunistic orientation and resource combination in different stages of new venture＇s lifecycle. We have conducted questionnaire surveys on 600 new ventures mainly located in Jilin, Guangdong and Beijing. Finally we received 263 valid samples. This study finds that both market opportunistic orientation and technology opportunistic orientation positively influence resource combination in new venture＇s creation stage; only market opportunistic orientation positively influences resource combination in growth stage, but technology opportunistic orientation negatively influences resource combination in growth stage. The results on one side mean that the nature of new ventures＇ entrepreneurial activities is to pursue market opportunities. Therefore, new ventures＇ basic entrepreneurial activities in any stage are seeking profit opportunities by combining resources. On the other side, technology opportunistic orientation is helpful for new ventures to get profits in short term, but play a negative role in long term. These conclusions have important implications for the development and enrichment of entrepreneurial studies under Chinese context. Theoretically, this study enriches Chinese entrepreneurial management theories by deeply exploring the relationships between market opportunistic orientation, technology opportunistic orientation and resource combination; this study expands effectuation theory and causation theory by examining how market opportunistic orientation and technology opportunistic orientation influence resource combination in new ventures＇ different stages; the study also enriches resource management theory in dynamic view by introducing life cycle theory. Practically, the research provides some suggestions to new ventures in China, such as new ventures need combine resources effectively in order to promote success; new ventures should consider external environment when making strategies; and new ventures also need consider which life cycle phase they are in when making long-term stable strategies and short-term flexible strategies.