试论清初边塞词中的遗民情结

On Complex of Adherents of the Former Dynasty in Frontier Ci of Early Qing Dynasty

清初的边塞词创作取得了很高的成就,在一部分清初边塞词中,或隐或显地包含着作者怀念前朝的遗民情结,屈大均、朱彝尊、曹溶三家的此类边塞词创作最为值得关注。故国之思无疑是这类边塞词的共同主题,但在具体的作家作品中又各有侧重。此外,遗恨与反思还使这类边塞词具有了丰富的文化内涵。从艺术角度看,边塞文学所特有的雄浑、凄楚的风格正与"遗民"的特有心境相得益彰,甚至能起到"推波助澜"的作用。以边塞内容写遗民之思,愈加深化了后者的感染力,使后者显得苍凉、厚重,这也是清初"遗民"边塞词往往得到词论家好评的重要原因。

Frontier Ci of Early Qing Dynasty achieves greatly, in some of which there is the Com- plex of Adherents of the Former Dynasty, especially the creation of authors such as QU Da-jun, ZHU Yi-zun and CAO Rong. Pondering on the former dynasty is the common theme of the Ci but with different emphasis in the works of specific author. Besides, regret and reflection enriches the cultural connotation. Artistically, the peculiar grandeur and mournfulness of Frontier Ci brings out the best in the special emotion of the adherents stylistically and even propels the latter. Frontier con- tent conveys the thought of the adherents and deepens the infection of the latter, making it more bleak and dignified. These are the reasons for the praise of Frontier Ci about the adherents.