韩非子学说与中国古代监察制度理论基础

HAN Fei-zi Theory and the Theoretical Basis of Ancient China Supervision System

周秦之际的巨大变化之一,就是监察活动的制度化与专门化。在先秦诸子中,唯有法家能够为这种制度的兴起提供理论依据。韩非子秩序优先的前提下强调君尊臣卑伦理的绝对性,主张君臣异利,在政治领域强调以权力监督权力的重要性。韩非子的监察理论,强调以"法"、"术"、"势"一整套规则体系来规范和引导君臣关系,加强君主对人臣权力的监管。他的学说,对秦朝监察制度的创建以及汉代监察制度的实践,具有深远影响。

One of the great changes in Zhou and Qin Dynasty is the systematization and specialty of supervision activity. Among scholars in Pre-Qing Dynasty, only legalist can provide theoretical ba- sis for the rise of the system. HAN Fei-zi emphasizes the absoluteness of the ethics of superiority of monarch and inferiority of subject under the premise of priority of order. He insists there be dif- ferent interest between the monarch and subject and emphasizes the importance of power supervising power in political field. HAN Fei-zi＇s supervision theory emphasizes a series of regulatory system such as ＂law＂, ＂technique＂ and ＂Power＂ to regulate and lead the monarch-subject relationship, strengthening the supervision of monarch of the subject. His theory is influential on the establish- ment of supervision system in Qin Dynasty and the practice of the system in Han Dynasty.