量词结构与假部分结构的统一分析

Unified analysis of classifier constructions and pseudo-partitive constructions

本文以最简方案为理论框架,对汉语的量词结构和英语的假部分结构进行了统一分析。本文认为,量词结构和假部分结构在句法上具有同一性,都应分析为以轻名词n为中心语的投射nP。前者中的轻名词实现为量词,基础生成于n节点下;后者不包含显性轻名词,由度量词提升嫁接到n位置,形成[n+N]结构。n和[n+N]都能够与下层物质名词形成探针-目标关系,通过一致操作,消除物质名词的[-可数性]特性,使数量表达得以实现。各语言间在数量表达上的差异源于词汇特性而非语言类型的差异。

The paper conducts a unified analysis of classifier constructions(CC) and pseudo-partitive constructions(PPC) under the framework of MP. Based on a range of evidence, we argue that PPC are syntactically identical with CC, both having a light noun projection nP. In CC, n is realized as the classifier. As for PPC, in which n has no phonetic realization, the measure word raises to n, forming the complex [n+N]. Both n and [n+N] form a Probe-Goal relationship with the following mass noun,erasing the [-countable] feature of the latter via Agreement. The difference in expressions of quantification among various languages lies in lexical properties rather than language types.