匈奴联盟与丝绸之路的孕育过程--青铜时代和早期铁器时代中国北方与欧亚草原的文化交往

The Growing of the Huns Alliance and the Silk Road:On the Cultural Communication between Northern China and Eurasian Steppe during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age

中国北方与欧亚草原的交往是以亚洲草原为主,分为东部文化交往区和西部交往区。东区最发达的时期是商末周初,它的范围向西推到了米努辛斯克盆地;西区最发达的时期是东周时期,它的东界到达蒙古国中部到太行山一线。到了战国晚期和汉代初期,长城的建立使得中国北方地区人群产生了分化,部分早先南下的北亚人群则退到长城以北并结合了西面欧亚草原的文化因素形成了特有的匈奴文化。在强大的匈奴联盟时期,中国北方与东部的蒙古高原以及与西部内陆亚洲山麓地带的交往几乎停滞了,正是这个原因导致了丝绸之路开通。中国与欧亚大陆交往的前沿是中国北方与欧亚草原,这种交往路线和方式的改变,导致中国和欧亚大陆交往进入了新的时代。

The communication betw een Northern China and Eurasian Steppe w as mainly on Asian Steppe,including eastern and w estern areas. The eastern area w as most developed during late Shang Dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty. It extended w estw ards to M inusinsk Basin. The w estern area w as most developed in East Zhou Dynasty. Its eastern border reached M ongolian and Taihang M ountain. During late Warring States Period and early Han Dynasty,the establishment of the Great Wall made the people in Northern China split. Some North Asian people w ho w ent to the South earlier moved back to the north of the Great Wall. They combined Eurasian Steppe culture from the w est and formed the characteristic Hun Culture. During the strong Huns Alliance period,the communication betw een Northern China and M ongolian Plateau in the east and Inner Asian M ountain Corridor in the w est almost stopped. As a result,the Silk Road came into being. The communication betw een North China and Eurasian Steppe w as on the front position for the communication betw een China and Eurasia. This change of the communication route and pattern brought the communication betw een China and Eurasia to a brand new age.