英汉人体词“heart”和“心”认知对比研究

The Comparative Study Between English and Chinese Body Terms “Heart” and “Xin” from the Perspective of Cognition

一词多义是语言中非常重要和非常普遍的现象,由于语言的基础是词汇,而词汇的核心是词义,因此词义由一词一义演化为一词多义反映了认知主体认知和思维的发展。而人体词作为人类认知世界的起点,是人类认知世界的"元概念","心"和"heart"作为非常重要的人体器官,均被英汉民族当做了思维器官,同时,隐喻和转喻一直以来均被当做修辞手段进行研究,本文试图从认知的角度对其进行研究,二者被认为是一词多义演化的认知机制,因此对比"心"和"heart"词义演化过程不仅能揭示词义演化的路径,而且对英汉民族的认知思维也有进一步的了解。

Polysemy is a very important and common phenomenon in language. Because vocabulary is the foundation of languages, and the core of vocabulary is the meaning, the process from one word with one meaning to polysemy reflects the development of the cognition and thinking of the cognitive subjects. Body terms are the starting point to the world, and they is cognitive ＂meta-concept＂ to the world. ＂Xin＂ and ＂heart＂, as quite important human organs, are both regarded as thinking organs. Moreover, metaphor and metonymy have been for quite a long time regarded two rhetoric means. This paper attempts to study metaphor and metonymy from the perspective of cognition, and the two were regarded as the cognitive mechanism of polysemy, so the comparative study between ＂Xin＂ and ＂Heart＂ can not only reveal the paths of semantic evolution, but also can have a better understanding of the cognitive characteristics of the English and Chinese oeonle.