任务型组织的生存逻辑——以计划生育委员会为例

The Survival Logic of Task-Oriented Organization:The Case of Family Planning Commission

在当代中国,"计划生育委员会"是因应人口数量控制需要而创设的一种"任务型组织"。随着这项任务临近完成,瞥见退场前景的计生部门为延续自己的生存,曾在"大人口"服务管理的取向下进行过转型探索,但十二届全国人大通过的政府机构改革方案为这种探索画了句点。从理论和实践两方面看,有待追问和探究的问题是:从"计生"管理到"人口"服务管理的转型为什么会受阻?对"卫生"加"计生"的改革方案应该作何评价?为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,是否可以基于社会建设的视野就计生部门的后续改革提出进一步的设想?深入思考这些问题,不仅可以帮助我们看清计生部门的生存命运,还能启发我们在广泛意义上理解当代中国任务型组织的改革之路。

The Family Planning Commission （FPC） is a task-oriented organization originally set up to perform the function of population control in contemporary China. However, as the task is meeting its epilogue, FPC once tried to continue its existence by conducting transformational exploration towards ＂big population＂ service management, which was subsequently stopped because of the reorganization plan passed by the 12^th National People＇s Congress. Still, there are further questions that can be approached both on the theoretical and practical level： Why the transformation from management of ＂family planning＂ to service management of ＂population＂ failed？ Could further proposals be conceived on the basis of society building perspective in order to advance the state governance system and realize its modernization？ Deepening the thinking on these questions can help us see the fate of FPC more clearly as well as shed lights on the understanding of the path of reformation task-oriented organization has to take in contemporary China.