政策科学再思考:学科使命、政策过程与分析方法

Rethinking of Policy Sciences:Missions,Processes and Methods

政策科学对推进国家治理现代化的重要性不言而喻。本文分别对政策科学的"两种知识"、政策过程和分析方法这三种视角中存在的问题展开讨论。政策科学最初提出"两种知识"的宏大任务,由于没有能形成统一范式,学科边界始终比较模糊,并且在科学导向和客户导向问题上纠缠不清,实际的"两分"存在于政策科学与其他面向公共政策的研究之间;政策阶段和政策网络等分析框架为理解政策过程提供了简化的描述或解释逻辑,但对改进政策系统促进决策理性方面作用有限;即使不考虑价值、历史和资源等因素,现有政策分析方法在知识与行动之间存在不对称性。本文最后简要讨论政策科学与公共管理学的关系,并提出工具视角和大数据或可成为重要方向。

Policy Sciences is obviously important to promote the modernization of national governance. This article respectively discusses some issues from three perspectives of the Policy Sciences, that is, ＂two kinds of knowledge＂, the policy process and policy analysis methods. Policy Sciences initially proposes the ＂two kinds of knowledge＂ as the grand discipline task, but it has not been able to form a unified paradigm, which results in a vague disciplinary boundaries, the entangling in the science-oriented and customer--oriented, and the actual ＂dichotomy＂ existing between the Policy Sciences and other public policy oriented research. Providing a simplified description or interpretation of policy processes, policy stages framework and policy network framework made only small steps for improving policy systems and promoting rationality of public decisions. Without considering the values, history and resources etc., there is still asymmetry between knowledge and action in the existing policy analysis method. Therefore, the paper concludes with a brief discussion of the relationship between Policy Sciences and Public Management, and puts forward the future direction of tools--oriented perspectives and big data application.